All land sites where stormwater is a problem require proper stormwater management systems. By controlling and managing the runoff stormwater, flooding and water retention in important parts of the site can be avoided. It helps protect the properties and waterways. Following are some important techniques used to control and manage the stormwater.
Infiltration
If there is no problem with the soil at the site, perforated infiltration systems can be used to take out the water. The runoff water is placed back into the ground or taken elsewhere. Some of these systems do not require excavation which is a necessity if a trench infiltration system is used. The goal is to efficiently discharge the runoff water into the soil slowly and properly. It is useful in recharging the groundwater as well. This solution is perfect for low impact sites
Detention
The runoff water is temporarily stored and released at the pre-determined rate. Large underground pipes and storage chambers are installed for this purpose. This system is useful for parking lots and other places where the ground above the site is required for some use. This system controls the timing and volume of discharged stormwater. Problems like erosion and flooding can be avoided by using a stormwater detention system.
Treatment
The runoff stormwater collects different types of contaminants along the way as it flows on the roads, sidewalks and other outdoor surfaces. It collects all types of trash, sediments, bacteria and pollutants. It can also contain heavy metals, pesticides and toxic chemicals. This contaminated water should not be allowed to enter the rivers, lakes, streams and wetlands. It should be first treated before it enters the water bodies. Different types of solutions are available for treating the stored stormwater. The solutions include mesh, sedimentation machines, filters and oil/water separator. Commercial and industrial level solutions are needed to handle large amounts of runoff storm water.
Rainwater Harvesting
It is an efficient way to harvest the rainwater that otherwise runs off the surfaces and is wasted. Rainwater harvesting systems can be installed in both residential and commercial buildings. It can also be installed in farmlands and other open areas. The collected water is stored in the tanks or ponds for future use. It can be used to irrigate the gardens, parks and farms.
Biofiltration
Sand filters, vegetated filter strips and bioretention techniques are used to remove pollutants from the stormwater. The water quality can be controlled by customizing the features of the stormwater management systems. It is an eco-friendly solution.
It is important to fabricate and build stormwater management structures that are durable and require less maintenance. There are many companies that offer proprietary products and solutions for this purpose.
